The+Art+of+South+and+Southeast+Asia

== =**Yakshi**= **Mid-First Century BCE.** Located on the eastern gateway of the Great Stupa, is the Yakshi beneath the Mango Tree. This sensuous woman is considered the goddess that symbolizes fertility and vegetation. The Yakshi's position of her left foot against the trunk as her arm clenches the Mango Tree, is an action in which brings the tree to flower. Buddhists later adopted this pose to represent these symbolic meanings. (**Blake Denz**)



Meditating Buddha
This sculpture was created around 2nd century BCE in Hellenized Gandhara, Pakistan however its artist is unknown. This buddha was carved in gray schist. It has a ushnisha, urna, elongated ears, and a sun disk behind head. It's dressed in a monk's robe and it's seated in a cross legged yogic posture with its hands overlapped with palms upward, in the dhyana mudra. There is some Greco-Roman influence prevalant through the sharp arching brows, continuous profile of forehead and nose, and draping of toga like garment. (Erin Ginn) THis sculpture was created around late 6th century B.C.E. This Shiva is the second major Hindu male deity dancing the cosmic dance. He has 18 arms that swing rhythmically in an arc. So of his hands hold objects while others form prescribed murdras. To the right a drummer accompaies the dance while Shiva's son, the elephant,Gansha, tentatively mimics his father. This is known as a human image in art. (Tori Fischer) == =**Taj Mahal**= The Taj Mahal was created by Shah Jahan. It was built as a memorial to Jahan's favorite wife. The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum tomb in which proportions were applied to the structure. It is exactly wide as it is tall. There is a dome-on-cube shape for this massive marble structure, and the pointed arches are used to lead your eye up to the dome on top. It is said that the white marble makes this huge building look weightless. The minarets are compared to ladders going up to heaven. Around the Taj Mahal are gardens that are said to represent Paradise. (Allie Bailey)
 * Dancing Shiva**
 * (1632- 1647)**

Victoria Terminus Victoria Terminus was built from 1878 to 1887 by Frederick W. Stevens. It may appear to be somewhere in the heart of London or Western Europe, however, its true location is actually in Mumbai (Bombay), India. Named after the new empress of India at the time, this architectural masterpiece fuses two cultural: Indian and British. Although it was built from local sandstone, Victoria Terminus was clearly influenced by architecture of the British Industrial Revolution with its groin vaulted ceilings, stain glass windows, gabled façade, and flanking towers. This eclectic style set it apart from everyday buildings in Southeast Asia. (Jessica Rances)

=**Angkor Wat**= (r. 1113 - 1150) Angkor Wat was built by Suryavarman II in the first half of the 12th century. Located in Cambodia it is 5000 x 4000 feet and is the largest of the many Khmer temple complexes. The five towers symbolize the five peaks of Mount Meru, the sacred mountain at the center of the universe. Kings would come to the temple and worhsip the gods and when they died they would be buried there and worshipped as a god. Throughout the temple, stone reliefs praise Vishnu in his various avatars and Suryavarman II. Typically in the reliefs of this temple, religion and politics were joined together. The primary purpose of this structure was to associate the king with his personal god, in this case Vishnu. (Tara Lassi)

**ca 1000** This is one of many examples of a "Portable Deity" that was created under the Chola Kings. Shiva is shown balancing on a dwarf, which represents ignorance, which is being stomped out as he dances. He extends all 4 of his arms, and 2 of them are touching the nimbus that is circling him. She is shown holding a drum and "creates" the universe to the drum beat. This is used for personal worship, which would involve taking care of the statue as if it were an honorable person. (Wieber)
 * Shiva as Nataraja**



**Lotus Mahal**
Located in Vijayanagara, India, the Lotus Mahal, is a sacred temple to the Hindu gods. The Lotus Mahal is built in the Dravida style with tall pyramidal vimanas over the inner sanctuary. The building's arches with multilobed contours and window of the second floor are like those present in Islamic architecture. The building's second floor is vaulted and is topped with stepped towers. Because of the fusion of the Dravida style and elements common in Islamic architecture many consider the Lotus Mahal as having an eclectic design. (Emily Rice)
 * 15th or early 16th century**

=Great S **tupa** =

**//3rd century/300 b.c.e//**
= = = = The Great Stupa is one of many structure's in India that was made to house Buddhist relics inside. The reason it was built was for the Buddhist people to walk clock-wise around it to show that they were at one with the cosmos. It also had an Indo-Greek roof on it. The Great Stupa is 120 feet across and, excluding the railing and umbrella, is 54 feet high. The four gateways, are the finest works of art at Sanchi and are among the finest examples of Buddhist art in India. The gateways were erected c. 35 BCE. The scenes that are carved into the gateway are of the different lives of the Buddha. It was made while Ashoka was in power, also known as Ashokan architecture. (Travis Ivancevich)

=﻿Minaret= This Minaret is the World's Tallest! It is made of sandstone and stands 283 feet high. It is in Dehli, India. It is actually to tall to be serving as a Minaret. It has engraved inscriptions on it, and also islamic pointed arches,decorative grills over windows, and a hemispherical dome. It is a Hindu Temple and is considered to be a sacred space.( Cayleigh Wade, a.k.a. CFAW.)

=Bordoudur= Bordoudur is a Buddhist temple that is located in Java, Indonesia. This temple was built so that the paths that led out from the center of the complex pointed in the four cardinal direction. This temple is believed to represent the path to becoming a Buddha in the universe. This temple contains over 1,500 stupas. The stupas closest to the middle were hollow and contained sculptures of Buddhas. This complex is covered in relief sculptures. The outer relief sculptures show the Buddhas in past lives. The inner reliefs show the life of Shakyamuni. The stupa at the very center of the temple is left empty to show the formlessness of true enlightenment. (Davis Phillips)
 * ( 8th-10th Century )**

=Life and Death of Buddha: =

Life and Death of Buddha shows Yakshi, Buddha's Mother like we always see her in art, with her hand reaching for the mango tree. It also shows her with buddha coming out her side, much like in christianity where Jesus was and immaculate conception, Buddha was as well.in the enlightenment panel he is in public. The next panel is used to show no fear. The last panel is the death of Buddha

=__**Walking Buddha**__= The walking Buddha from Sukhothai, Thailand is one of the many ways Buddha was depicted. You are able to tell this is Buddha by the ushnisha on the top of his head which symbolizes his wisdom. The walking Buddha stands at 7 feet and 2 1/2 inches high. He is wearing a clinging monks robe while he is striding forward. The way his left arm is, in the fear-not gesture encourages his worshipers to come forward in reverence. (Nicole Swisher)
 * (14th century)**

=__**The Taj Mahal**__ = The Taj Mahal is a massive mausoleum built around 1632-1647. Monumental tombs were not a big part of Hindu culture, but they had a long history in Islamic architecture. It was built by Shah Jahan as a memorial for his favorite wife, and he was also eventually buried there. The entire structure is built of white marble. The monument is most iconic for its representation of it's floating illusion on top of the reflection of the water, as well as almost blending with the clouds and creating the impression of translucency. The tomb is octagonal and follows traditional Iranian building plans. (Ciana Miller)

=**Sculptures on Vishvana Temple Wall**= =**( ﻿ca 1000 )**= These sculptures show mortals engaging in sexual entercourse in many different positions. It depicts mithunas, or mortals so it doesn't just show the gods. They suggest fertility and propagation of life and serve as auspicious protectors of sacred precinet. All of this is a typical northern Indian temple. (Cody Taflinger)